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Background  The carambola fruit fly,  Bactrocera carambolae  Drew & Hancock is a high profile key pest that is widely distributed in the southwestern ASEAN region. In addition, it has trans-continentally invaded Suriname, where it has been expanding east and southward since 1975. This fruit fly belongs to  Bactrocera dorsalis  species complex. The development and application of a genetic sexing strain (Salaya1) of  B. dorsalis  sensu stricto (s.s.) (Hendel) for the sterile insect technique (SIT) has improved the fruit fly control. However, matings between  B. dorsalis  s.s. and  B. carambolae  are incompatible, which hinder the application of the Salaya1 strain to control the carambola fruit fly. To solve this problem, we introduced genetic sexing components from the Salaya1 strain into the  B. carambolae  genome by interspecific hybridization.    Results  Morphological characteristics, mating competitiveness, male pheromone profiles, and genetic relationships revealed consistencies that helped to distinguish Salaya1 and  B. carambolae  strains. A Y-autosome translocation linking the dominant wild-type allele of white pupae gene and a free autosome carrying a recessive white pupae homologue from the Salaya1 strain were introgressed into the gene pool of  B. carambolae . A panel of Y-pseudo-linked microsatellite loci of the Salaya1 strain served as markers for the introgression experiments. This resulted in a newly derived genetic sexing strain called Salaya5, with morphological characteristics corresponding to  B. carambolae . The rectal gland pheromone profile of Salaya5 males also contained a distinctive component of  B. carambolae . Microsatellite DNA analyses confirmed the close genetic relationships between the Salaya5 strain and wild  B. carambolae  populations. Further experiments showed that the sterile males of Salaya5 can compete with wild males for mating with wild females in field cage conditions.    Conclusions  Introgression of sex sorting components from the Salaya1 strain to a closely related  B. carambolae  strain generated a new genetic sexing strain, Salaya5. Morphology-based taxonomic characteristics, distinctive pheromone components, microsatellite DNA markers, genetic relationships, and mating competitiveness provided parental baseline data and validation tools for the new strain. The Salaya5 strain shows a close similarity with those features in the wild  B. carambolae  strain. In addition, mating competitiveness tests suggested that Salaya5 has a potential to be used in  B. carambolae  SIT programs based on male-only releases.

bmc genomic data

Development of a genetic sexing strain in Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae) by introgression of sex sorting components from B. dorsalis, Salaya1 strain