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Background  Vasa is a member of the DEAD-box protein family that plays an indispensable role in mammalian spermatogenesis, particularly during meiosis. Bovine vasa homology ( Bvh ) of  Bos taurus  has been reported, however, its function in bovine testicular tissue remains obscure. This study aimed to reveal the functions of  Bvh  and to determine whether  Bvh  is a candidate gene in the regulation of spermatogenesis in bovine, and to illustrate whether its transcription is regulated by alternative splicing and DNA methylation.    Results  Here we report the molecular characterization, alternative splicing pattern, expression and promoter methylation status of  Bvh . The full-length coding region of  Bvh  was 2190 bp, which encodes a 729 amino acid (aa) protein containing nine consensus regions of the DEAD box protein family.  Bvh  is expressed only in the ovary and testis of adult cattle. Two splice variants were identified and termed  Bvh - V4  (2112 bp and 703 aa) and  Bvh - V45  (2040 bp and 679 aa). In male cattle, full-length  Bvh  ( Bvh - FL ),  Bvh - V4  and  Bvh - V45  are exclusively expressed in the testes in the ratio of 2.2:1.6:1, respectively. Real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced mRNA expression of  Bvh - FL ,  Bvh - V4  and  Bvh - V45  in testes of cattle-yak hybrids, with meiotic arrest compared with cattle and yaks with normal spermatogenesis (P < 0.01). The promoter methylation level of  Bvh  in the testes of cattle-yak hybrids was significantly greater than in cattle and yaks (P < 0.01).    Conclusion  In the present study,  Bvh  was isolated and characterized. These data suggest that Bvh functions in bovine spermatogenesis, and that transcription of the gene in testes were regulated by alternative splice and promoter methylation.

Splice variants and promoter methylation status of the Bovine Vasa Homology (Bvh) gene may be involved in bull spermatogenesis