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Background  It is widely accepted that genetic variability might explain a large part of the observed heterogeneity in aerobic capacity and its response to training. Significant associations between polymorphisms of different genes with muscular strength, anaerobic phenotypes and body composition have been reported. Muscular endophenotypes are positively correlated with aerobic capacity, therefore, we tested the association of polymorphisms in twelve muscular related genes on aerobic capacity and its response to endurance training.    Methods  935 Coronary artery disease patients (CAD) who performed an incremental exercise test until exhaustion at baseline and after three months of training were included. Polymorphisms of the genes were detected using the invader assay. Genotype-phenotype association analyses were performed using ANCOVA. Different models for a genetic predisposition score (GPS) were constructed based on literature and own data and were related to baseline and response VO 2  scores.    Results  Carriers of the minor allele in the R23K polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor gene ( GR ) and the ciliary neurotrophic factor gene ( CNTF ) had a significantly higher increase in peakVO 2  after training (p < 0.05). Carriers of the minor allele (C34T) in the adenosine monophosphate deaminase ( AMPD1 ) gene had a significantly lower relative increase (p < 0.05) in peakVO 2 . GPS of data driven models were significantly associated with the increase in peakVO 2  after training.    Conclusions  In CAD patients, suggestive associations were found in the  GR, CNTF  and the  AMPD1  gene with an improved change in aerobic capacity after three months of training. Additionally data driven models with a genetic predisposition score (GPS) showed a significant predictive value for the increase in peakVO 2 .

A genetic predisposition score for muscular endophenotypes predicts the increase in aerobic power after training: the CAREGENE study