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Background  High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) have been proved to be mostly correlated with the processing quality of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). But wheat cultivars have limited number of high quality HMW-GS. However, novel HMW-GS were found to be present in many wheat asymmetric somatic hybrid introgression lines of common wheat/ Agropyron elongatum .    Results  To exploit how these new subunits were generated, we isolated HMW-GS genes from two sib hybrid lines (II-12 and 11-4-6) and compared them with those from their parents. The result shows that two genes of hybrid ( H11-3-3  and  H11-4-3 ) are directly introgressed from the donor parent  Agropyron elongatum ; one hybrid gene ( H1Dx5 ) comes from point mutation of a parental wheat gene ( 1Dx2.1 ); two other hybrid genes ( H1By8  and  H1By16 ) are likely resulting from unequal crossover or slippage of a parental wheat gene ( 1By9.1 ); and the sixth novel hybrid gene ( H1Dy12 ) may come from recombination between two parental genes.    Conclusion  Therefore, we demonstrate that novel HMW-GS genes can be rapidly created through asymmetric somatic hybridization in a manner similar with the evolution mechanism of these genes supposed before. We also described gene shuffling as a new mechanism of novel HMW-GS gene formation in hybrids. The results suggest that asymmetric somatic hybridization is an important approach for widening HMW-GS genebank of wheat quality improvement.

Generation of novel high quality HMW-GS genes in two introgression lines of Triticum aestivum/Agropyron elongatum