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Background  One of the major problems concerning dengue transmission is that embryos of its main vector, the mosquito  Aedes aegypti , resist desiccation, surviving several months under dry conditions. The serosal cuticle (SC) contributes to mosquito egg desiccation resistance, but the kinetics of SC secretion during embryogenesis is unknown. It has been argued that mosquito SC contains chitin as one of its components, however conclusive evidence is still missing.    Results  We observed an abrupt acquisition of desiccation resistance during  Ae. aegypti  embryogenesis associated with serosal cuticle secretion, occurring at complete germ band extension, between 11 and 13 hours after egglaying. After SC formation embryos are viable on dry for at least several days. The presence of chitin as one of the SC constituents was confirmed through Calcofluor and WGA labeling and chitin quantitation. The  Ae. aegypti  Chitin Synthase A gene ( AaCHS1 ) possesses two alternatively spliced variants,  AaCHS1a  and  AaCHS1b , differentially expressed during  Ae. aegypti  embryonic development. It was verified that at the moment of serosal cuticle formation,  AaCHS1a  is the sole variant specifically expressed.    Conclusion  In addition to the peritrophic matrix and exoskeleton, these findings confirm chitin is also present in the mosquito serosal cuticle. They also point to the role of the chitinized SC in the desiccation resistance of  Ae. aegypti  eggs.  AaCHS1a  expression would be responsible for SC chitin synthesis. With this embryological approach we expect to shed new light regarding this important physiological process related to the  Ae. aegypti  life cycle.

Embryonic desiccation resistance in Aedes aegypti: presumptive role of the chitinized Serosal Cuticle