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Background  Mosquito eggshells show remarkable diversity in physical properties and structure consistent with adaptations to the wide variety of environments exploited by these insects. We applied proteomic, transcriptomic, and hybridization  in situ  techniques to identify gene products and pathways that participate in the assembly of the  Aedes aegypti  eggshell.  Aedes aegypti  population density is low during cold and dry seasons and increases immediately after rainfall. The survival of embryos through unfavorable periods is a key factor in the persistence of their populations. The work described here supports integrated vector control approaches that target eggshell formation and result in  Ae. aegypti  drought-intolerant phenotypes for public health initiatives directed to reduce mosquito-borne diseases.    Results  A total of 130 proteins were identified from the combined mass spectrometric analyses of eggshell preparations.    Conclusions  Classification of proteins according to their known and putative functions revealed the complexity of the eggshell structure. Three novel  Ae. aegypti  vitelline membrane proteins were discovered. Odorant-binding and cysteine-rich proteins that may be structural components of the eggshell were identified. Enzymes with peroxidase, laccase and phenoloxidase activities also were identified, and their likely involvements in cross-linking reactions that stabilize the eggshell structure are discussed.

Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of the Aedes aegyptieggshell