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Background  Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family is classified as class IVa of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP4A) that removes phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. PRL phosphatases have been implicated in a number of tumorigenesis and metastasis processes and are highly conserved. However, the understanding of PRL expression profiles during embryonic development is very limited.    Results  In this study, we demonstrated and characterized the comprehensive expression pattern of  Drosophila PRL , amphioxus  PRL , and zebrafish  PRL s during embryonic development by either whole mount immunostaining or  in situ  hybridization. Our results indicate that  Drosophila PRL  is mainly enriched in developing mid-guts and central nervous system (CNS) in embryogenesis. In amphioxus, initially  PRL  gene is expressed ubiquitously during early embryogenesis, but its expression become restricted to the anterior neural tube in the cerebral vesicle. In zebrafish,  PRL-1  and  PRL-2  share similar expression patterns, most of which are neuronal lineages. In contrast, the expression of zebrafish  PRL-3  is more specific and preferential in muscle.    Conclusions  This study, for the first time, elucidated the embryonic expression pattern of  Drosophila , amphioxus, and zebrafish  PRL  genes. The shared  PRL  expression pattern in the developing CNS among diverse animals suggests that  PRL  may play conserved roles in these animals for CNS development.

bmc developmental biology

Expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver family genes during embryogenesis: an evolutionary developmental analysis among Drosophila, amphioxus, and zebrafish