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Background  During early stages of brain development, secreted molecules, components of intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators act in positive and negative feed-back or feed-forward loops at the mid-hindbrain boundary. These genetic interactions are of central importance for the specification and subsequent development of the adjacent mid- and hindbrain. Much less, however, is known about the regulatory relationship and functional interaction of molecules that are expressed in the tectal anlage after tectal fate specification has taken place and tectal development has commenced.    Results  Here, we provide experimental evidence for reciprocal regulation and subsequent cooperation of the paired-type transcription factors  Pax3, Pax7  and the TALE-homeodomain protein  Meis2  in the tectal anlage. Using in ovo electroporation of the mesencephalic vesicle of chick embryos we show that (i)  Pax3  and  Pax7  mutually regulate each other's expression in the mesencephalic vesicle, (ii)  Meis2  acts downstream of  Pax3/7  and requires balanced expression levels of both proteins, and (iii) Meis2 physically interacts with Pax3 and Pax7. These results extend our previous observation that  Meis2  cooperates with  Otx2  in tectal development to include Pax3 and Pax7 as Meis2 interacting proteins in the tectal anlage.    Conclusion  The results described here suggest a model in which interdependent regulatory loops involving  Pax3  and  Pax7  in the dorsal mesencephalic vesicle modulate  Meis2  expression. Physical interaction with Meis2 may then confer tectal specificity to a wide range of otherwise broadly expressed transcriptional regulators, including Otx2, Pax3 and Pax7.

Genetic and physical interaction of Meis2, Pax3 and Pax7 during dorsal midbrain development