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Background  The Class II DNA transposons are mobile genetic elements that move DNA sequence from one position in the genome to another. We have previously demonstrated that the naturally occurring  Tol2  element from  Oryzias latipes  efficiently integrates its corresponding non-autonomous transposable element into the genome of the diploid frog,  Xenopus tropicalis. Tol2  transposons are stable in the frog genome and are transmitted to the offspring at the expected Mendelian frequency.    Results  To test whether  Tol2  transposons integrated in the  Xenopus tropicalis  genome are substrates for remobilization, we injected  in vitro  transcribed  Tol2  mRNA into one-cell embryos harbouring a single copy of a  Tol2  transposon. Integration site analysis of injected embryos from two founder lines showed at least one somatic remobilization event per embryo. We also demonstrate that the remobilized transposons are transmitted through the germline and re-integration can result in the generation of novel GFP expression patterns in the developing tadpole. Although the parental line contained a single  Tol2  transposon, the resulting remobilized tadpoles frequently inherit multiple copies of the transposon. This is likely to be due to the  Tol2  transposase acting in discrete blastomeres of the developing injected embryo during the cell cycle after DNA synthesis but prior to mitosis.    Conclusions  In this study, we demonstrate that single copy  Tol2  transposons integrated into the  Xenopus tropicalis  genome are effective substrates for excision and random re-integration and that the remobilized transposons are transmitted through the germline. This is an important step in the development of 'transposon hopping' strategies for insertional mutagenesis, gene trap and enhancer trap screens in this highly tractable developmental model organism.

Remobilization of Tol2 transposons in Xenopus tropicalis