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Background Characterizing genetic diversity is crucial for reconstructing human evolution and for understanding the genetic basis of complex diseases; however, human population genetics are very complicated. Previously, we proved that based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the heterozygous vs. non-reference homozygous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ratio (het/nonref-hom) is two [1]. Later, we found that this ratio is race dependent, with African being the most genetically diverse race and Asian being the most homozygous [2]. This observation prompted us to conduct further study to understand the reasoning behind this diversity.

Population structure analysis on 2504 individuals across 26 ancestries using bioinformatics approaches