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Background  Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways but recent studies have shown that alveoli are also subject to pathophysiological changes. This study was undertaken to compare hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentrations in different parts of the lung using a new technique of fractioned breath condensate sampling.    Methods  In 52 children (9-17 years, 32 asthmatic patients, 20 controls) measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ), lung function, H 2 O 2  in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and the asthma control test (ACT) were performed. Exhaled breath condensate was collected in two different fractions, representing mainly either the airways or the alveoli. H 2 O 2  was analysed in the airway and alveolar fractions and compared to clinical parameters.    Results  The exhaled H 2 O 2  concentration was significantly higher in the airway fraction than in the alveolar fraction comparing each single pair (p = 0.003, 0.032 and 0.040 for the whole study group, the asthmatic group and the control group, respectively). Asthma control, measured by the asthma control test (ACT), correlated significantly with the H 2 O 2  concentrations in the alveolar fraction (r = 0.606, p = 0.004) but not with those in the airway fraction in the group of children above 12 years. FE NO  values and lung function parameters did not correlate to the H 2 O 2  concentrations of each fraction.    Conclusion  The new technique of fractionated H 2 O 2  measurement may differentiate H 2 O 2  concentrations in different parts of the lung in asthmatic and control children. H 2 O 2  concentrations of the alveolar fraction may be related to the asthma control test in children.

Fractionated breath condensate sampling: H2O2 concentrations of the alveolar fraction may be related to asthma control in children