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Background  Respiratory failure secondary to alveolar inflammation during  Pneumocystis  pneumonia is a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophil infiltration in the lung of patients with  Pneumocystis  infection predicts severity of the infection and death. Several previous studies indicate that airway epithelial cells release the neutrophil chemoattractant proteins, MIP-2 (rodents) and IL-8 (humans), in response to  Pneumocystis  and purified  Pneumocystis  cell wall β-glucans (PCBG) through the NF-κB-dependent pathway. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the activation of airway epithelium cells by PCBG resulting in the secretion of IL-8.    Method  To address this, we have studied the activation of different calcium-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in 1HAEo -  cells, a human airway epithelial cell line.    Results  Our data provide evidence that PCBG induces phosphorylation of the MAPKs, ERK, and p38, the activation of NF-κB and the subsequently secretion of IL-8 in a calcium-dependent manner. Further, we evaluated the role of glycosphingolipids as possible receptors for β-glucans in human airway epithelial cells. Preincubation of the cells with D- threo -1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) a potent inhibitor of the glycosphingolipids synthesis, prior to PCBG stimulation, significantly decreased IL-8 production.    Conclusion  These data indicate that PCBG activates calcium dependent MAPK signaling resulting in the release of IL-8 in a process that requires glycosphingolipid for optimal signaling.

Pneumocystis cell wall β-glucan stimulates calcium-dependent signaling of IL-8 secretion by human airway epithelial cells