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Streptococcus suis  is a major swine pathogen and important zoonotic agent causing mainly septicemia and meningitis. However, the mechanisms involved in host innate and adaptive immune responses toward  S. suis  as well as the mechanisms used by  S. suis  to subvert these responses are unknown. Here, and for the first time, the ability of  S. suis  to interact with bone marrow-derived swine dendritic cells (DCs) was evaluated. In addition, the role of  S. suis  capsular polysaccharide in modulation of DC functions was also assessed. Well encapsulated  S. suis  was relatively resistant to phagocytosis, but it increased the relative expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 and triggered the release of several cytokines by DCs, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 and TNF-α. The capsular polysaccharide was shown to interfere with DC phagocytosis; however, once internalized,  S. suis  was readily destroyed by DCs independently of the presence of the capsular polysaccharide. Cell wall components were mainly responsible for DC activation, since the capsular polysaccharide-negative mutant induced higher cytokine levels than the wild-type strain. The capsular polysaccharide also interfered with the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80/86 and MHC-II on DCs. To conclude, our results show for the first time that  S. suis  interacts with swine origin DCs and suggest that these cells might play a role in the development of host innate and adaptive immunity during an infection with  S. suis  serotype 2.

Characterization of porcine dendritic cell response to Streptococcus suis