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This study evaluated the effect of the probiotics  Pediococcus acidilactici  and  Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii  on the intestinal colonization of O149 enterotoxigenic  Escherichia coli  harbouring the F4 (K88) fimbriae (ETEC F4) and on the expression of ileal cytokines in weaned pigs. At birth, different litters of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) control without antibiotics or probiotics (CTRL); 2) reference group in which chlortetracycline and tiamulin were added to weanling feed (ATB); 3)  P. acidilactici ; 4)  S. cerevisiae boulardii ; or 5)  P. acidilactici  +  S. cerevisiae boulardii . Probiotics were administered daily (1 × 10 9  CFU per pig) during the lactation period and after weaning (day 21). At 28 days of age, all pigs were orally challenged with an ETEC F4 strain, and a necropsy was performed 24 h later. Intestinal segments were collected to evaluate bacterial colonization in the small intestine and ileal cytokine expressions. Attachment of ETEC F4 to the intestinal mucosa was significantly reduced in pigs treated with  P. acidilactici  or  S. cerevisiae boulardii  in comparison with the ATB group ( P  = 0.01 and  P  = 0.03, respectively). In addition, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, were upregulated in ETEC F4 challenged pigs treated with  P. acidilactici  alone or in combination with  S. cerevisiae boulardii  compared with the CTRL group. In conclusion, the administration of  P. acidilactici  or  S. cerevisiae boulardii  was effective in reducing ETEC F4 attachment to the ileal mucosa, whereas the presence of  P. acidilactici  was required to modulate the expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines in pigs challenged with ETEC F4.

veterinary research

Administration of probiotics influences F4 (K88)-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli attachment and intestinal cytokine expression in weaned pigs