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Background  Inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways provides a mutation-agnostic approach that could improve mucociliary clearance in all CF patients. BI 1265162 is an ENaC inhibitor with demonstrated pre-clinical efficacy and safety already demonstrated in humans.    Objective  We present results from BALANCE-CF TM  1, a phase II, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study of four dose levels of BI 1265162  versus  placebo for 4 weeks on top of standard of care in adults and adolescents with CF.    Results  Initially, 28 randomised subjects (BI 1265162 200 µg twice daily n=14, placebo twice daily n=14) were assessed at an interim futility analysis. Compared with placebo, numerical changes of –0.8% (95% CI –6.6 to 4.9%) in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1s (ppFEV 1 ) and +2.1 units (95% CI –2.4 to 6.5 units) in lung clearance index (LCI) were observed in the active group, meeting a pre-defined stopping rule; accordingly, the study was terminated. Recruitment had continued during the interim analysis and pending results; 24 patients were added across three dose levels and placebo. The final results including these patients (+1.5% ppFEV 1 , 200 µg twice-daily dose  versus  placebo) were not supportive of relevant clinical effect. Furthermore, LCI change was not supportive, although interpretation was limited due to insufficient traces meeting quality criteria. A 9.4-point improvement in the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire – Revised Respiratory Domain was observed in the 200 µg twice daily dose group  versus  placebo. BI 1265162 up to 200 µg twice daily was safe and well-tolerated. Pharmacokinetics were similar to those in healthy volunteers.    Conclusion  BI 1265162 was safe, but did not demonstrate a potential for clinical benefit. Development has been terminated.

Efficacy and safety of inhaled ENaC inhibitor BI 1265162 in patients with cystic fibrosis: BALANCE-CF 1, a randomised, phase II study