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Nutritional status deteriorates along with progression of emphysema, with the decline of body composition correlating with risk of disease-related events. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), by improving respiratory function and recovering body composition, may influence long-term disease-related morbidity and mortality when compared to respiratory rehabilitation (RR). In this non-randomised study, 44 male patients with moderate-to-severe emphysema underwent LVRS, while 35 received RR. Respiratory parameters, body composition, number and time-to-occurrence of disease-related events were evaluated for 5 yrs. After LVRS, respiratory and nutritional parameters had significantly greater and longer lasting improvements than after RR. Disease-related events occurred later and less frequently after surgery than after rehabilitation, with better morbidity and mortality survival curves (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.03, respectively). Body mass index (BMI) &gt; or =23kg x m(-2), BODE (BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index &lt; or =2 and fat-free mass index (FFMI) &gt; or =16kg x m(-2) at 1 yr were the best positive predictors of post-operative outcomes (p&lt;0.03, p&lt;0.04 and p&lt;0.005, respectively). Reduction in residual volume at 36 months after surgery was significantly correlated with the increase of BMI (rho = -0.56, p = 0.009) and FFMI (rho = -0.64, p = 0.001). LVRS significantly and durably improved respiratory function and body composition over RR. Relationships among residual volume, BMI, FFMI and disease-related events suggest that recovery in respiratory dynamics improves nutritional status, thus significantly reducing long-term disease-related morbidity and mortality.

Recovery of body composition improves long-term outcomes after lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema