Literature Review: Sonographic Diagnosis of Schizencephaly

Schizencephaly is a congenital brain malformation in which clefts develop in the cerebral hemispheres. This aberration may be described as open lip (type I) or closed lip (type II) and may be further expressed as unilateral or bilateral. Using historical and current research, this article provides embryogenesis, pathogenesis, and possible etiologies of schizencephaly. Furthermore, the postnatal sonographic appearance is discussed, along with associated anomalies and possible outcomes for this exceedingly rare but disruptive brain malformation.