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Background:  Child maltreatment is associated with long-term conditions (LTCs) in adulthood. Its relationship to multimorbidity (≥2 LTCs) is less clear. We explore the relationship between child maltreatment, multimorbidity and factors complicating management.    Methods:  Cross-sectional analysis of 157,357 UK Biobank participants. Experience of four maltreatment types (physical/sexual/emotional/neglect) was identified. We explored the relationship between type, number and frequency of maltreatment and LTC count (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4) using multinomial logistic regression. Binary logistic regression assessed the relationship between maltreatment and self-rated health, loneliness, social isolation, frailty and widespread pain in those with multimorbidity, adjusting for sociodemographics and lifestyle factors.    Results:  52,675 participants (33%) experienced ≥1 type of maltreatment; 983 (0.6%) experienced all four. Type, frequency and number of types of maltreatment were associated with higher LTC count. People experiencing four types of maltreatment were 5 times as likely to have a LTC count of ≥4 as those experiencing none (odds ratio (OR): 5.16; 99% confidence interval (CI): 3.77-7.07). Greater number of types of maltreatment was associated with higher prevalence of combined physical/mental health LTCs (OR: 2.99; 99% CI: 2.54–3.51 for four types of maltreatment). Compared to people who reported no maltreatment, people experiencing all four types of maltreatment were more likely to have poor self-rated health (OR: 3.56; 99% CI: 2.58–4.90), loneliness (OR: 3.16; 99% CI: 2.17–4.60), social isolation (OR: 1.45; 99% CI: 1.03–2.05), widespread pain (OR: 3.19; 99% CI: 1.87–5.44) and frailty (OR: 3.21; 99% CI: 2.04–5.05).    Conclusion:  Peoplewith a history of maltreatment have higher LTC counts and potentially more complicated management needs reinforcing calls for early intervention.

journal of comorbidity

Association between childhood maltreatment and the prevalence and complexity of multimorbidity: A cross-sectional analysis of 157,357 UK Biobank participants