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Background   Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent syndrome, with exercise intolerance being one of its hallmarks, contributing to worse quality of life and mortality. High-intensity interval training is an emerging training option, but its efficacy in HFpEF patients is still unknown.Design   Single-blinded randomized clinical trial.Methods   Single-blinded randomized clinical trial with exercise training 3 days per week for 12 weeks. HFpEF patients were randomly assigned to high-intensity interval training or moderate continuous training. At baseline and after 12 week follow-up, patients underwent clinical assessment, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Results   Mean age was 60 ± 9 years and 63% were women. Both groups ( N = 19) showed improved peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), but high-intensity interval training patients ( n = 10) had a significantly higher increase, of 22%, compared with 11% in the moderate continuous training ( n = 9) individuals (3.5 (3.1 to 4.0) vs. 1.9 (1.2 to 2.5) mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , p &lt; 0.001). Ventilatory efficiency and other CPET measures, as well as quality of life score, increased equally in the two groups. Left ventricular diastolic function also improved with training, reflected by a significant reduction in E/e′ ratio by echocardiography (−2.6 (−4.3 to −1.0) vs. −2.2 (−3.6 to −0.9) for high-intensity interval training and moderate continuous training, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). There were no exercise-related adverse events.Conclusions   This randomized clinical trial provided evidence that high-intensity interval training is a potential exercise modality for HFpEF patients, being more effective than moderate continuous training in improving peak VO 2 . However, the two strategies were equally effective in improving ventilatory efficiency and other CPET parameters, quality of life score and diastolic function after 3 months of training.

european journal of preventive cardiology

High-intensity interval training is effective and superior to moderate continuous training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A randomized clinical trial