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Stem cell therapy may rely on delivery and homing through the vascular system to reach the target tissue. An optical tweezer model has been employed to exert different levels of shear stress on a single non-adherent human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell to simulate physiological flow conditions. A single-cell quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that collagen type 1, alpha 2 ( COL1A2 ), heat shock 70-kDa protein 1A ( HSPA1A ) and osteopontin ( OPN ) are expressed to a detectable level in most of the cells. After exposure to varying levels of shear stress, there were significant variations in gene transcription levels across human mesenchymal stem cells derived from four individual donors. Significant trend towards upregulation of  COL1A2  and  OPN  gene expression following shear was observed in some donors with corresponding variations in  HSPA1A  gene expression. The results indicate that shear stress associated with vascular flow may have the potential to significantly direct non-adherent stem cell expression towards osteogenic phenotypic expression. However, our results demonstrate that these results are influenced by the selection process and donor variability.

Gene expression of single human mesenchymal stem cell in response to fluid shear