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Background:   The health benefits of antiretroviral treatment greatly depend on the extent to which people living with HIV/AIDS adhere to the prescribed daily dosing regimens. Peer support groups are expected to have a high impact on adherence to medication among people living with HIV/AIDS.Objectives:   This study was designed to determine factors affecting adherence to medication among people living with HIV/AIDS in peer support and non-support groups attending antiretroviral clinics in Enugu State, Nigeria.Method:   This was a cross-sectional, comparative study using qualitative and quantitative instruments among 840 people living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral clinics in Enugu, Nigeria. Quantitative data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 22. A Chi-square test of statistical significance, a student t-test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. Manual content analysis was done for the qualitative data.Results:   The mean age of respondents was comparable in both study groups: support group 38.5±9.6; and non-support group 38.5±10.1. A significantly higher proportion of respondents in the support group (91.9%) achieved good adherence compared with those in the non-support group (87.1%). A good medication adherence self-rating was a predictor of adherence in both study groups: support group (AOR 5.8, 95% CI: 2.7–12.2, p=&lt;0.001) and non-support group (AOR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.4, p=&lt;0.001).Conclusion:   The peer-based intervention is a viable and effective tool for maintaining optimal adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings; hence, research should concentrate on interventions that do not focus on individuals alone, but rather on those that strengthen the capacity of groups to collectively participate in HIV programmes.

Do peer support groups have an effect on medication adherence? A study among people living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu State, Nigeria