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A new neo-lignan, (7′ S,8 ′R)-4′,5′,9′-trihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-5,8′-oxyneolign-7-en-9-al (1), along with 5 known compounds (2-6), were isolated from the fruits of Xanthium strumarium. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. All the isolates were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicities against the human cancer lines HepG2, A549, HCT-116, and SGC-7901. Compounds 1 and 3 showed potent antiproliferative effects against A549 cancer cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of 11.2 and 8.3 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity to SGC-7901 cancer cells, with an IC 50  value of 12.9 µM.

Compounds Isolated From the Fruits of Xanthium strumarium, Including a New Neo-Lignan, and Their Anticancer Effects