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Diospyros lotus L. leaves are used as a functional tea and folk medicine in several Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phenolic extracts of the leaves on scavenging nitrite and inhibiting N-nitrosamines (NAs) formation and to determine the active ingredients responsible for these effects. Of the 7 fractions (Fr 1 -Fr 7 ) prepared from the extract of D. lotus leaves, Fr 5  contained the highest phenolic content and exhibited the strongest activity. Five active ingredients of Fr 5  were discovered, and 4 of them were identified as myricitrin (Mytr), myricetin (Myt), myricetin-3- O-β-d-glucoside (Myt-Glc), and myricetin-3- O-β-d-galactoside (Myt-Gal). The content of Mytr was much higher than those of the other 3 ingredients, both in Fr 5  and extracts of D. lotus leaves. Finally, Mytr and Myt were proved to have stronger activities by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenyl hydrazine scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and inhibition of NAs formation assays. These results indicated that Mytr was the main active ingredient of D. lotus leaves. Myt, Mytr, and Fr 5  from the leaves could be used as natural agents for antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and inhibition of NAs formation in food and the human body.

Nitrite Scavenging and Inhibition of N-Nitrosamines Formation by Phenolic Extracts From Diospyros lotus L. Leaves and Active Ingredients