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The essential oil from the leaves of Phoebe formosana from Taiwan was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Seventy-one compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were α-humulene (16.8%), τ-cadinol (8.9%), α-pinene (8.4%), α-cadinol (8.1%), β-caryophyllene (8.0%), β-phellandrene (6.0%), and β-eudesmol (5.8%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human lung, liver and oral cancer cells. The active compounds were β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, τ-cadinol, β-eudesmol, and α-cadinol. The antibacterial activity of the oil was tested by the disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against eight bacterial species. The oil exhibited moderate growth suppression against Gram-positive bacteria with inhibition zones of 28 to 36 mm, and MIC values of 250 to 375 μg/mL. The active antibacterial compounds were determined to be τ-cadinol, β-eudesmol, and α-cadinol. The leaf oil displayed excellent antifungal activity with the active compounds determined as α-cadinol, β-eudesmol, τ-cadinol, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene.

natural product communications

Composition of the Leaf Essential Oil of <i>Phoebe formosana</i> from Taiwan and its <i>in vitro</i> Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities

Composition of the Leaf Essential Oil of Phoebe formosana from Taiwan and its in vitro Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities