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Curcuma mangga extract and its compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory mechanisms against nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2  (PGE 2 ) release using RAW 264.7 cells. From bioassay-guided fractionation, demethoxycurcumin (1) was isolated from the chloroform fraction, whereas 15,16 bisnorlabda-8(17), 11-dien-13-one (2) and ( E)-15,15-diethoxylabda-8(17),12-dien-16-al (3) were from the n-hexane fraction. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (4), the structure of which is similar to that of 1, was also tested. Of the tested compounds, 3 exhibited the highest activity against NO release with an IC 50  value of 9.4 μM, followed by 1 (IC 50  = 12.1 μM), 4 (IC 50  = 16.9 μM) and 2 (IC 50  = 30.3 μM). For the effect on PGE 2  release, 1 possessed the highest activity (IC 50  = 4.5 μM, followed by 4 (IC 50  = 5.6 μM), 3 (IC 50  = 35.3 μM) and 2 (IC 50  = 42.5 μM). The mechanism at transcriptional level revealed that 1, 3 and 4 down-regulated the mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas 2 had an effect only on iNOS mRNA. These results indicate that C. mangga and its compounds do exert anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, this is the first report of the isolation of 3 from C. mangga rhizomes.

Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Compounds from Curcuma Mangga Rhizomes using RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells