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The volatile oil compositions of Thymus glabrescens Willd. from eight different localities of Hungary were analyzed by GC/MS. Significant essential oil polymorphism was found: eight new chemovarieties may have been determined, representing a way of adaptation to the different habitat conditions. The main volatile compounds of chemotype 1 (Csesznek) were thymol (34.2%), γ-terpinene (26.2%) and p-cymene (16.4%). In the case of chemotype 2 (Várpalota), germacrene D (55.4%) and β-caryophyllene (14.8%) were identified as chief constituents. Chemotype 3 (Szentbékkálla) contained thymol (32.9%), β-caryophyllene (16.5%) and germacrene D (17.6%), while chemotype 4 (Várvölgy) accumulated α-cubebene (50.9%) and β-caryophyllene (22.9%) as the main volatiles. The oil of chemotype 5 (Várgesztes) can be characterized by geraniol (49.0%) and germacrene D (13.6%), while that of chemotype 6 (Tardosbánya) consisted of p-cymene (45.0%), geraniol (13.6%) and linalyl acetate (9.9%). In the oil of chemotype 7 (Salgó Hill), thymol (14.4%), germacrone (12.1%) and geraniol (10.8%) were found in higher percentages, while chemotype 8 (Pásztó) produced thymol (29.3%) and germacrene D (14.2%) as its main essential oil compounds. The existence of thymol chemotypes in the case of T. glabrescens is new for the literature.

Essential Oil Polymorphism of Hungarian Common Thyme (Thymus Glabrescens Willd.) Populations