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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective hand surgery in preventing postoperative infection. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, we performed a multicenter trial in which patients undergoing elective hand surgeries were categorized into an antibiotic or control group depending on the center they were enrolled in. Surgical site infections were defined according to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Results: In total, 434 patients were included: 257 did not receive antibiotics (control) and 177 received antibiotics at a mean age of 61.0 years. In the control group, comorbidities were more common with 23.7% (61/257) in comparison to the antibiotics group with 14.1% (25/177). Only one surgical site infection in each group was identified. One wound was opened surgically, and an antimicrobial treatment was indicated in both cases. In addition, we observed four complications in the control group and three complications in the antibiotics group which required conservative management. No significant differences in the two cohorts in infection rate (0.006% vs 0.003%, χ 2  = 0.07, P &gt; .05) and complication rate (2.8% vs 1.6%, χ 2  = 0.01, P &gt; .05) were found. Conclusions: Our prospective multicenter trial showed no significant difference in infection rate in elective hand surgery whether antibiotics were administered preoperatively or not.

Prospective Analysis of Hand Infection Rates in Elective Soft Tissue Procedures of the Hand: The Role of Preoperative Antibiotics