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The accuracy and efficiency of radio-frequency identification device tag localization is significant to a large number of existing and upcoming radio-frequency identification device applications. In this article, we have introduced a novel method to locate a radio-frequency identification device tag in three-dimensional space. The proposed method uses readers with multiple power levels to locate the passive radio-frequency identification device tags. First, we preprocess the data and estimate the distances between the readers and target tag. Then, we use sphere trilateration method to estimate the location of the radio-frequency identification device tags in three-dimensional space. Finally, we use planar fit method and the method of least squares to reduce the localization error. Both the simulation and testbed experiment results have shown that the proposed method can reach a higher positioning accuracy with less radio-frequency identification device readers and more robust to the environment than other existing methods.

A three-dimensional localization algorithm for passive radio-frequency identification device tag