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Objective: Radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy has been preferred as the clinical therapeutic modalities to combat locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this retrospective study is to ascertain combinatorial efficacy of anlotinib with concurrent radiotherapy (CCRT) rather than CCRT alone. Methods: Locally advanced ESCC patients registered between August 2018 to April 2019 in the third People's hospital of Zhengzhou, the First affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Anyang Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected for this retrospective study; and these patients segregated into two groups subsequently who received combinatorial regimen with CCRT and anlotinib compared for treatment-related toxicity, response rates, safety, survival outcomes, than CCRT alone. Results: Progression free survival (PFS) was 0.577 (95% CI, 0.333-0.902, P  =  0.014); the median overall survival time was 5 months (95% CI, 4.1-7.5) for the CCRT group, whereas 9 months (95% CI, 7.3-18.0) for the group received ‘anlotinib with CCRT’ (HR  =  0.578, 95% CI, 0.337-0.924, P  =  0.021). Overall objective response rates were considerable with a statistical difference between the two groups at 6 months (P1  =  0.027, P2  =  0.015) and 12 months (P1  =  0.012, P2  =  0.027). Overall adverse events are mitigated in combinatorial regimen than CCRT alone except the incidence of hypertension, which was higher in ‘anlotinib with CCRT’ group than CCRT group (P  =  0.023). Total 13 patients exhibited hand-foot skin reactions in the group that received anlotinib in combination with CCRT. Anlotinib in combination with CCRT enhanced the overall survival (OS) rates, whereas incidence of treatment-related toxicity is minimized than CCRT alone. Conclusion: Combinatorial regimen of anlotinib with CCRT significantly enhanced clinical efficacy, safety and may benefit for treating the locally advanced ESCC patients.

Comparative Clinical Efficacy of ‘Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and Anlotinib’ Than CCRT in Patients with Locally Advanced ESCC