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Background and Aims:   Peripheral nerve injury may lead to poor recovery outcome in spite of treatment with advanced microsurgical repair techniques. Delayed cross-anastomosis paradigm was used to study the axon grow to the distal nerve stump after denervation separately from the influence of prolonged axotomy in the proximal stump.Material and Methods:   Left common peroneal nerve of 48 rats was transected and denervated over two or six months. There were two research groups in the study. In the regeneration group (REG) the proximal stump of acutely transected tibial nerve was sutured to denervated distal stump of common peroneal nerve. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which this group was compared to degeneration group (DEG) with both nerve ends denervated over two or six months. This comparison enabled us to study the capacity of denervated distal nerve stump to receive sprouting axons. Axon density in distal nerve stump was calculated after three or six week's follow-up periods.Results:   There were no differences in the number of axon sprouts in the distal nerve stump between the denervation periods of two and six months. When compared REG and DEG groups, there was trend to higher axon densities in the REG group, although the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions:   We conclude that the capacity of distal nerve stump to receive the growing axons from the proximal nerve stump does not decrease significantly between two and six months denervation. Cross-anastomosis paradigm provides a useful tool for detailed study of the nerve transfer procedure.

The Capacity of the Distal Stump of Peripheral Nerve to Receive Growing Axons after Two and Six Months Denervation; An Experimental Study with Rats