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Aim   The prevalence of renal disease in human HIV-infected individuals varies between 2% and 10%. Many reports have demonstrated the beneficial effect of anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy on slowing the progression of renal diseases. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to determine serum cystatin C concentration in different stages of HIV infection and the relationship between cystatin C concentration and ARV treatment.Methods   Cystatin C concentration was measured in the sera of 77 HIV-1-infected individuals and 18 HIV-seronegative volunteers. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study formula.Results   HIV infection resulted in a significant increase in serum cystatin C concentration compared with healthy individuals (933.4±32.1 vs 621.1 ±56.8 ng/ml, P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in urea, creatinine and GFR between those groups. On multivariate analyses serum cystatin C was independently associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) duration (β=-0.34, P=0.04) and HIV viral load (β=0.33, P=0.04), whereas there were no significant relationships with age, body mass index, HIV duration, CD4 +  and CD8 +  T-cell counts and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration.Conclusions   Our initial observations indicate that serum cystatin C, which may reflect mild renal dysfunction, is increased during HIV-infection and is associated with HIV viral load. Long-lasting HAART seems to decrease cystatin C concentration, thus potentially improves renal function.

Does Haart Improve Renal Function? An Association between Serum Cystatin C Concentration, HIV Viral Load and Haart Duration