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The use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) for the treatment of HIV infection is clearly linked to the development of subcutaneous fat atrophy. Until recently, however, in vitro studies of adipocytes have shown no or only modest and inconsistent effects of these agents on adipocyte biology. This is in contrast to the protease inhibitors (PIs), which are also linked to the development of HIV lipodystrophy. These agents have relatively consistent inhibitory effects on the differentiation of cultured adipocytes, and have occasionally been found to have other effects on adipocyte biology as well. We aimed to explore more thoroughly the effects of NRTIs and combinations of antiretroviral agents commonly used in clinical practice on multiple aspects of adipocyte biology using the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line. We found that when used individually, NRTIs decrease cell survival but only lamivudine significantly alters lipid accumulation. However, NRTI and dual NRTI-PI combinations do significantly decrease lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, have a much greater detrimental impact on cell survival and decrease adipocyte differentiation.

In Combination, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Have Significant Effects on 3T3–L1 Adipocyte Lipid Accumulation and Survival