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Objective:   Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causal factors have yet to be completely elucidated. The studies show that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MtS) was significantly higher in RA patients compared to the population. In RA and MetS inflammation and atherosclerosis are closely linked. The level of chemokines and adipokines, which may play a role in the development of atherogenesis in RA with MetS patients is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the level of chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) and adipokine in RA with MetS patients and assessed the association of biomarkers with clinical and biochemical activity scores of RA and components of MetS.Methods:   Blood serum of 298 people (48—patients with RA and MetS, 82—with RA without MetS, 105—with MetS, 63—control group without both RA and MetS) was tested for (CXCL16), Resistin, Leptin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) levels by fluorescent antibody technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0.Results:   The biomarker study showed the highest level in the RA with MetS patient group; but as compared with the RA group the differences were insignificant. CXCL16 (Me = 426.2 pg/ml (Q 25-75  250.5-527.6), resistin (Me = 8685.4 pg/ml (Q 25-75  6480.8-13 629.1), and FGF21 (Me = 443.6 pg/ml (Q 25-75  772.9-916.3) proved to be significantly augmented in RA with MetS patients group, and in RA without MetS patients group (Me = 312.7 (Q 25-75  199.4-517.7) pg/ml; Me = 8265.3 (Q 25-75  5779.7-13 340.5) pg/ml; Me = 412.4 (Q 25-75  300.4-497.4) pg/ml, respectively) as compared with MetS patients group (Me = 189.4 (Q 25-75  130.3-280.6) pg/ml; Me = 5364.8 (Q 25-75  2368.9-10 160.9) pg/ml; Me = 133.2 (Q 25-75  76.2-268.6) pg/ml, respectively; P = &lt;.001). Leptin level in all groups was higher than in the control group, but there were no differences between groups. The correlation analysis found a positive relationship between the leptin level and the waist circumference (rs = 0.39; P = .007) in the RA with MetS patients, the association of biomarkers with DAS28 score and ESR did not have any statistical significance. Conclusions: The augmented chemokine, resistin and FGF21 in the RA with MetS patients proves the systemic inflammation which is the basis of RA; the augmented leptin is linked to the abdominal obesity. These data are somewhat of an explanation of the increased risk of the CVD development in RA with MetS people. A differentiated specification can be useful to assess the cardiovascular risk of patients and justify prompt personalized treatment.

Assessment of Adipokines, CXCL16 Chemokine Levels in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Combined With Metabolic Syndrome