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The paper outlines a computationally efficient analytical method for evaluating the fuel consumption and the nitrogen oxide emissions during manoeuvres pertaining to the New European Driving Cycle. An integrated optimisation procedure is also included in the analyses with minimisation of the brake specific fuel consumption and minimisation of the nitrogen oxide emissions as objective functions. A set of optimum gear ratios are determined for a four-speed transmission, a five-speed transmission and six-speed transmission as the governing parameters in the optimisation process. The analysis highlights the determination of gear-shifting objective-driven strategies based on the minimisation of either of the declared objective functions. A reduction of 7.5% in the brake specific fuel consumption and a reduction of 6.75% in nitrogen oxide emissions are attainable in the best-case scenario for a six-speed transmission and a gear-shifting strategy based on the lowest brake specific fuel consumption for the case of an engine. The novel integrated analytical simulations and multi-objective optimisation have not been hitherto reported in literature. It provides the opportunity for an objective intelligent-based approach to the use of gear shift indicator technology. The results of this study also show that transmission optimisation can act as an effective and inexpensive mean to enhance the fuel efficiency and to reduce the emissions.

Optimisation of the vehicle transmission and the gear-shifting strategy for the minimum fuel consumption and the minimum nitrogen oxide emissions