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The incidence of lumbar spondylolysis is affected by sex, race, and congenital abnormalities. These differences suggest a genetic component to the etiology of spondylolysis. However, no definitive evidence has been presented regarding the inheritance of lumbar spondylolysis. We report familial cases of lumbar spondylolysis in 7- and 4-year-old brothers and their father, each of whom visited our clinic complaining of low back pain. Spondylolysis in the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) was identified in both boys and their father from clinical, radiographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Conservative treatment was provided for both boys. No bony union of any spondylolytic lesions was obtained, but they returned to sports activity without low back pain. Frequent development of spondylolysis, even at younger ages, in all male family members might indicate an underlying genetic etiology in lumbar spondylolysis, primarily in the form of autosomal dominant inheritance. However, information on patients and their parents should be considered carefully, as bony union with conservative therapy is not expected in such patients.

Familial development of lumbar spondylolysis: a familial case report of 7- and 4-year-old brothers and their father