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In health technology assessment, decisions are based on complex cost-effectiveness models that require numerous input parameters. When not all relevant estimates are available, the model may have to be simplified. Multiparameter evidence synthesis combines data from diverse sources of evidence, which results in obtaining estimates required in clinical decision making that otherwise may not be available. We demonstrate how bivariate meta-analysis can be used to predict an unreported estimate of a treatment effect enabling implementation of a multistate Markov model, which otherwise needs to be simplified. To illustrate this, we used an example of cost-effectiveness analysis for docetaxel in combination with prednisolone in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Bivariate meta-analysis was used to model jointly available data on treatment effects on overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) to predict the unreported effect on PFS in a study evaluating docetaxel with prednisolone. The predicted treatment effect on PFS enabled implementation of a 3-state Markov model comprising stable disease, progressive disease, and dead states, while lack of the estimate restricted the model to a 2-state model (with alive and dead states). The 2-state and 3-state models were compared by calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (which was much lower in the 3-state model: £22,148 per quality-adjusted life year gained compared to £30,026 obtained from the 2-state model) and the expected value of perfect information (which increased with the 3-state model). The 3-state model has the advantage of distinguishing surviving patients who progressed from those who did not progress. Hence, the use of advanced meta-analytic techniques allowed obtaining relevant parameter estimates to populate a model describing disease pathway in more detail while helping to prevent valuable clinical data from being discarded.

Bayesian Multiparameter Evidence Synthesis to Inform Decision Making: A Case Study in Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer