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This study investigated the convergent validityof expert-system scores for four mathematicalconstructed-response item formats. A five-factormodel comprised of four constructed-response formatfactors and a Graduate Record Examination(GRE) General Test quantitative factor was posed.Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test thefit of this model and to compare it with several alternatives.The five-factor model fit well, although asolution comprised of two highly correlateddimensions-GRE-quantitive and constructed-responserepresented the data almost as well.These results extend the meaning of the expertsystem’s constructed-response scores by relatingthem to a well-established quantitative measureand by indicating that they signify the sameunderlying proficiency across item formats. Indexterms: automatic scoring, constructed response, expertsystem, free-response items, open-ended items

Expert-System Scores for Complex Constructed-Response Quantitative Items: A Study of Convergent Validity