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Online communities, like Wikipedia, produce valuable public informationgoods. Whereas some of these communities require would-be contributors tocreate accounts, many do not. Does this requirement catalyze cooperation orinhibit participation? Prior research provides divergent predictions but littlecausal evidence. We conduct an empirical test using longitudinal data from 136natural experiments where would-be contributors to wikis were suddenly requiredto log in to contribute. Requiring accounts leads to a small increase inaccount creation, but reduces both high- and low-quality contributions fromregistered and unregistered participants. Although the change deters a largeportion of low-quality participation, the vast majority of deterredcontributions are of higher quality. We conclude that requiring accountsintroduces an undertheorized tradeoff for public goods production ininteractive communication systems.

The Hidden Costs of Requiring Accounts: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Peer Production