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A new formulation - bPlume-WRF-LES model - was implemented within the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to simulate the two-way coupling between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and gas plume (denser and lighter) released into the atmosphere. The existing WRF-large eddy simulation (WRF-LES) modeling system was modified by coupling an additional transport equation for the plume gas mixture and by accounting for the buoyant production term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation. The focus of the work was to understand the effect of atmospheric forcings on plume rise, plume mixing and plume dynamics during the early stages of plume development. For this purpose, the bPlume-WRF-LES model was used to simulate the release of buoyant plumes from a large area source into different atmospheric conditions with varying stratification and mean wind forcing values. Plumes released in a convective ABL background rise according to the 2/3 power law with time before reaching the boundary layer top and spreading laterally. The convective ABL eddy turnover time scale ( t  * ) dictates the rate at which plume mixes with the ambient air inside the convective boundary layer (CBL) and the plume dilution rate scales as  . Both the stratification and wind forcing enhance the plume mixing from the early plume development stage, and dilute the plume much faster. An increase in the mean winds within the CBL contributes to uniform mixing and greater bent-over plume behavior at a shorter downwind distance from the source.

Implementing a new formulation in WRF-LES for Buoyant Plume Simulations: bPlume-WRF-LES model