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Development of clouds in space and time within numerical meteorological models as observed in nature is essential for producing an accurate representation of the physical atmosphere for input into air quality models. In this study, a new technique was developed to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-derived cloud fields into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model to improve the placement of clouds in space and time within the model. The simulations were performed on 36-, 12-, and 4-km grid-size domains covering the contiguous United States, the south-southeastern United States, and eastern Texas, respectively. The technique was tested over the month of August 2006. The results indicate that the assimilation technique significantly improves the agreement between the model-predicted and GOES-derived cloud fields. The daily average percentage increase in the cloud agreement was determined to be 14.02%, 11.29%, and 4.96% for the 36-, 12-, and 4-km domains, respectively. This was accomplished without degrading the model performance with respect to surface wind speed, temperature, and mixing ratio, which are important parameters for air quality applications; in some cases these variables were even slightly improved. The assimilation technique also produced improvements in the model-predicted precipitation and predicted downwelling shortwave radiation reaching the surface.

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Improving Cloud Simulation for Air Quality Studies through Assimilation of Geostationary Satellite Observations in Retrospective Meteorological Modeling