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A “dimensional reduction” (“DR”) method is introduced for analyzing lightning field changes (ΔEs) whereby the number of unknowns in a discrete two-charge model is reduced from the standard eight (x, y, z, Q, x′, y′, z′, Q′) to just four (x, y, z, Q). The four unknowns (x, y, z, Q) are found by performing a numerical minimization of a chi-square function. At each step of the minimization, an overdetermined fixed matrix (OFM) method is used to immediately retrieve the best “residual source” (x′, y′, z′, Q′), given the values of (x, y, z, Q). In this way, all eight parameters (x, y, z, Q, x′, y′, z′, Q′) are found, yet a numerical search of only four parameters (x, y, z, Q) is required. The DR method has been used to analyze lightning-caused ΔEs derived from multiple ground-based electric field measurements at the NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and U.S. Air Force Eastern Range (ER). The accuracy of the DR method has been assessed by comparing retrievals with data provided by the lightning detection...

Lightning Charge Retrievals: Dimensional Reduction, LDAR Constraints, and a First Comparison with LIS Satellite Data