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The redistribution of matter in the deep-sea depends on water-flow currentsand turbulent exchange, for which breaking internal waves are an importantsource. As internal waves and turbulence are essentially three-dimensional 3D,their dynamical development should ideally be studied in a volume of seawater.However, this is seldom done in the ocean where 1D-observations along a singlevertical line are already difficult. We present the design, construction andsuccessful deployment of a half-cubic-hectometer (480,000 m3) 3D-T mooringarray holding 2925 high-resolution temperature sensors to study weaklydensity-stratified waters of the 2500-m deep Western Mediterranean. Thestand-alone array samples temperature at a rate of 0.5 Hz, with precision <0.5mK, noise level <0.1 mK and expected endurance of 3 years. The independentsensors are synchronized inductively every 4 h to a single standard clock. Thearray consists of 45 vertical lines 125 m long, at 9.5 m horizontally fromtheir nearest neighbor. Each line is held under tension of 1.3 kN by a buoyancyelement that is released chemically one week after deployment. All fold-uplines are attached to a grid of cables that is tensioned in a 70 m diameterring of steel tubes. The array is build-up in harbor-waters, with air fillingthe steel tubes for floatation. The flat-form array is towed to the mooringsite under favorable sea-state conditions. By opening valves in the steeltubes, the array is sunk and its free-fall is controlled by a custom-madedrag-parachute reducing the average sinking speed to 1.3 m s-1 and providingsmooth horizontal landing on the flat seafloor.

Half a cubic hectometer mooring array of 3000 temperature sensors in the deep sea