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Horizontal currents in the Bay of Bengal were measured on eight cruisescovering a total of 8600 $km$ using a 300 $kHz$ Acoustic Doppler CurrentProfiler (ADCP). The cruises are distributed over multiple seasons and regionsof the Bay. Horizontal wavenumber spectra of these currents over depths of12--54 m and wavelengths from 2--400 km were decomposed into vortical anddivergent components assuming isotropy. An average of across and along trackspectra over all cruises shows that the spectral slope of horizontal kineticenergy for wavelengths of 10--80 $km$ scales with an exponent of $-1.7 \pm0.05$, which transitions to steeper scaling for wavelengths above 80 $km$. Therotational component is significantly larger than the divergent component atscales greater than 80 $km$, while the two are comparable for smallerwavelengths. The measurements show a fair amount of variability and spectrallevels vary between cruises by about a factor of 5 over 10--100 $km$. Velocitydifferences over 10--80 $km$ show probability density functions and structurefunctions with stretched exponential behavior and anomalous scaling.Comparisons with the Garrett-Munk internal wave spectrum indicate thatinertia-gravity waves account for only a small fraction of the kinetic energyexcept at the smallest scales. These constraints suggest that the near-surfaceflow in the Bay is primarily balanced and follows a forward enstrophy transferquasigeostrophic regime for wavelengths greater than approximately 80 km, witha larger role for unbalanced rotating stratified turbulence and internal wavesat smaller scales.

Near-surface ocean kinetic energy spectra and small scale intermittency from ship data in the Bay of Bengal