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An estuary is classified as unsteady when the salinity adjustment time is longer than the forcing time scale. Predicting salt content or salt intrusion length using scaling arguments based on a steady-state relationship between flow and salinity is inaccurate in these systems. We have used a time-dependent salinity box-model based on an unsteady Knudsen balance to demonstrate the effects of river flow, inward total exchange flow (tidal plus steady), and the salinity difference between inflow and outflow on the salt balance. A key component of the box-model is a relationship we present linking the normalized difference between inflowing and outflowing salinity at the mouth and the mean salinity content. We show that the normalized salinity difference is proportional to the mean salinty squared based on theoretical arguments from the literature. We demonstrate the validity of the box-model by hindcasting five years of mean salinity in Galveston Bay (estimated from coarse observations) in response to...

Using an Isohaline Flux Analysis to Predict the Salt Content in an Unsteady Estuary