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Monthly mapped sea level anomalies (MSLAs) of the NW Atlantic in the region immediately downstream oftheGulfStream(GS)separationpointrevealaleadingmodeinwhichthepathshiftsapproximately 100km meridionally about a nominal latitude of 398N, producing coherent sea level anomaly (SLA) variability from 728 to 508W. This mode can be captured by use of a simple 16-point index based on SLA data taken along the maximum of the observed variability in the region 338–468N and 458–758W. The GS shifts between 2010 and 2012 are the largest of the last decade and equal to the largest of the entire record. The second group of EOF modesofvariabilitydescribesGSmeanders,whichpropagatemainlywestwardinterruptedbybriefperiodsof eastwardorstationarymeanders.Thesemeandershavewavelengthsofapproximately400kmandcanbeseen in standard EOFs by spatial phase shifting of a standing meander pattern in the SLA data. The spectral properties of these modes indicate strong variability at interannual and longer periods for the first mode and periods of a few to several months for the meanders. While the former is quite similar to a previous use of the altimeter for GS path, the simple index is a useful measure of the large-scale shifts in the GS path that is quickly estimatedand updatedwithoutchangesin previous estimates. Thetime-scaleseparationallows alowpass filtered 16-point index to be reflective of large-scale, coherent shifts in the GS path.

Two Modes of Gulf Stream Variability Revealed in the Last Two Decades of Satellite Altimeter Data