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The processes controlling idealized warming and cooling patterns are examined in 150-yr-long fully coupled Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1), experiments under abrupt CO 2  forcing. By simulation end, 2 × CO 2  global warming was 20% larger than 0.5 × CO 2  global cooling. Not only was the absolute global effective radiative forcing ∼10% larger for 2 × CO 2  than for 0.5 × CO 2 , global feedbacks were also less negative for 2 × CO 2  than for 0.5 × CO 2 . Specifically, more positive shortwave cloud feedbacks led to more 2 × CO 2  global warming than 0.5 × CO 2  global cooling. Over high-latitude oceans, differences between 2 × CO 2  warming and 0.5 × CO 2  cooling were amplified by familiar linked positive surface albedo and lapse rate feedbacks associated with sea ice change. At low latitudes, 2 × CO 2  warming exceeded 0.5 × CO 2  cooling almost everywhere. Tropical Pacific cloud feedbacks amplified the following: 1) more fast warming than fast cooling in the west, and 2) slow pattern differences between 2 × CO 2  warming and 0.5 × CO 2  cooling in the east. Motivated to quantify cloud influence, a companion suite of experiments was run without cloud radiative feedbacks. Disabling cloud radiative feedbacks reduced the effective radiative forcing and surface temperature responses for both 2 × CO 2  and 0.5 × CO 2 . Notably, 20% more global warming than global cooling occurred regardless of whether cloud feedbacks were enabled or disabled. This surprising consistency resulted from the cloud influence on non-cloud feedbacks and circulation. With the exception of the tropical Pacific, disabling cloud feedbacks did little to change surface temperature response patterns including the large high-latitude responses driven by non-cloud feedbacks. The findings provide new insights into the regional processes controlling the response to greenhouse gas forcing, especially for clouds.   Significance Statement  We analyze the processing controlling idealized warming and cooling under abrupt CO 2  forcing using a modern and highly vetted fully coupled climate model. We were especially interested to compare simulations with and without cloud radiative feedbacks. Notably, 20% more global warming than global cooling occurred regardless of whether cloud feedbacks were enabled or disabled. This surprising consistency resulted from the cloud influence on forcing, non-cloud feedbacks, and circulation. With the exception of the tropical Pacific, disabling cloud feedbacks did little to change surface temperature response patterns including the large high-latitude responses driven by non-cloud feedbacks. The findings provide new insights into the regional processes controlling the response to greenhouse gas forcing, especially for clouds. When combined with estimates of cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum, the findings also help rule out large (4+ K) values of equilibrium climate sensitivity.

Does Disabling Cloud Radiative Feedbacks Change Spatial Patterns of Surface Greenhouse Warming and Cooling?