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The sub-seasonal and synoptic-scale variability of the Indian summer monsoonrainfall are controlled primarily by monsoon intra-seasonal oscillations (MISO)and low pressure systems (LPS), respectively. The positive and negative phasesof MISO lead to alternate epochs of above-normal (active) and below-normal(break) spells of rainfall. LPSs are embedded within the different phases ofMISO and are known to produce heavy precipitation events over central India.Whether the interaction with the MISO phases modulates the precipitationresponse of LPSs, and thereby the characteristics of extreme rainfall events(EREs) remains unaddressed in the available literature. In this study, weanalyze the LPSs that produce EREs of various spatial extents viz., Small,Medium, and Large over central India from 1979 to 2012. We also compare themwith the LPSs that pass through central India and do not give any ERE(LPS-noex). We find that thermodynamic characteristics of LPSs that triggerdifferent spatial extents of EREs are similar. However, they show differencesin their dynamic characteristics. The ERE producing LPSs are slower, moisterand more intense than LPS-noex. The LPSs that lead to Medium and Large EREstend to occur during the positive phase of MISO when an active monsoon troughis present over central India. On the other hand, LPS-noex and the LPSs thattrigger Small EREs occur mainly during the neutral or negative phases of theMISO. The large-scale dynamic forcing, intensification of LPSs, and diabaticgeneration of low-level potential vorticity due to the presence of activemonsoon trough help in the organization of convection and lead to Medium andLarge EREs. On the other hand, the LPSs that form during the negative orneutral phases of MISO do not intensify much during their lifetime and triggerscattered convection, leading to EREs of small size.

journal of climate

Multiscale interactions between monsoon intra-seasonal oscillations and  low pressure systems that produce heavy rainfall events of different spatial  extents