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Precipitation processes play a critical role in the longevity and spatial distribution of stratocumulus clouds through their interaction with the vertical profiles of humidity and temperature within the atmospheric boundary layer. One of the difficulties in understanding these processes is the limited amount of observational data. In this study, robust relations among liquid water path ( LWP ), cloud droplet number concentration ( Nd ) and cloud base rain rate ( R cb  ) from three subtropical stratocumulus decks are obtained from A-Train satellite observations in order to obtain a broad perspective on warm rain processes.  R cb   has a positive correlation with  LWP/Nd  and the increase of  R cb   becomes larger as  LWP/Nd  increases. However, the increase of  R cb   with respect to  LWP/Nd  becomes more gradual in regions with larger  Nd , which indicates the relation is moderated by  Nd . These results are consistent with our theoretical understanding of warm rain processes and suggest that satellite observations are capable of elucidating the average manner of how precipitation processes are modulated by  LWP  and  Nd . The sensitivity of the auto-conversion rate to  Nd  is investigated by examining pixels with small  LWP  in which the accretion process is assumed to have little influence on  R cb  . The upper limit of the dependency of auto-conversion rate on  Nd  is assessed from the relation between  R cb   and  Nd , since the sensitivity is exaggerated by the accretion process, and was found to be a cloud droplet number concentration to the power of −1.44 ± 0.12.

journal of climate

On the Relation among Satellite Observed Liquid Water Path, Cloud Droplet Number Concentration and Cloud Base Rain Rate and Its Implication to the Auto-Conversion Parameterization in Stratocumulus Clouds