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By analyzing El Nino and La Nina composites with 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data, evidence is presented here that the surface air temperature of the Arctic winter (December–February) is anomalously warm during La Nina and cold during El Nino. Surface and top-of-the-atmosphere energy fluxes were used to calculate the composite zonal-mean poleward moist static energy transport. The result shows that the La Nina warming in the Arctic is associated with an increased poleward energy transport in the extratropics. The opposite characteristics are found for El Nino. Because the total tropical convective heating is more localized during La Nina than El Nino, these findings suggest that the Arctic surface air temperature anomalies associated with ENSO may be attributed to the tropically excited Arctic warming mechanism (TEAM). In the tropics, consistent with previous studies, the anomalous poleward energy transport is positive during El Nino and ne...

Testing of the Tropically Excited Arctic Warming Mechanism (TEAM) with Traditional El Niño and La Niña