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Abstract It is suggested that the slow evolution of the tropical Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has the potential to improve the predictability of tropical and extratropical circulation systems at lead times beyond 2 weeks. In practice, however, the MJO phenomenon is extremely difficult to predict because of the lack of good observations, problems with ocean forecasts, and well-known model deficiencies. In this study, the potential skill in forecasting tropical intraseasonal variability is investigated by eliminating all those errors. This is accomplished by conducting five ensemble predictability experiments with a complex general circulation model and by verifying them under the perfect model assumption. The experiments are forced with different combinations of initial and boundary conditions to explore their sensitivity to uncertainties in those conditions. When “perfect” initial and boundary conditions are provided, the model produces a realistic climatology and variability as compared to reanalysis,...

Long-Range Predictability in the Tropics. Part II: 30–60-Day Variability